Therefore, it is of great significance to study the performance of CGFB exposed to sulfate attack under the condition of drying-wetting cycles. The CGFB would suffer from the effect of drying-wetting cycles of mine water, which in turn would influence the safety and stability of the goaf. In addition, mine water often contains sulfates and other salts. However, the level of underground water in coal mines varies with rainfall, seasons, reservoir storage and drainage, etc., and the environment of the goaf would be either dry or wet. The properties of cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) are the basis of paste filling to determine the effect of controlling ground subsidence. The technique uses coal gangue, fly ash, and other solid wastes near coal mines as the main raw materials to process paste slurry, which is then transported to the goaf through a pipeline. Paste filling is an ideal approach to control surface subsidence and protect the mining environment. Scrivener 3.1.2 serial series#While consuming coal resources, it also faces a series of problems, such as solid waste pollution, surface subsidence, and slope failures caused by mining activities. IntroductionĬoal takes the dominant position in China’s energy market and energy consumption structure. Moreover, the surface spalling and failure of CGFB samples were more severe. At the fifteenth drying-wetting cycle, the higher the salt concentration of the immersion solution was, the faster the masses and the strengths of CGFB samples decreased. The corrosion ions entered into the samples and consumed portlandite to produce a large amount of prismatic ettringite and aggravated the internal corrosion of CGFB samples. As the drying-wetting cycles continued, the nonhydrated particles inside the samples were nearly completely hydrated, and the samples were constantly damaged by salt crystallization and dissolution. For this stage, the driving force of sulfate ions to enter into the CGFB samples was the highest for the samples immersed in 15% sodium sulfate solution, and the masses and strengths increased the fastest. In the early stage of corrosion, sulfate ions adsorbed to the surface of CGFB samples and consumed nonhydrated particles to form acicular ettringite and other products that filled the material pores. The damage process of CGFB samples evolved from the surface to the inside. The sulfate ion contents in CGFB samples increased with the sulfate concentrations and drying-wetting cycles and decreased from the surface to the inside of the samples. The results show that the CGFB samples were damaged by salt crystallization in the dry state and attacked by the expansive products in the wet state. Karen Traviss, #1 NYT best-selling author.To research the properties of cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) exposed to different concentrations of sodium sulfate solutions under drying-wetting cycles, the mass changes, uniaxial compressive strengths, sulfate ion contents at different depths, and microstructures of CGFB samples were measured in this study. I'd thought it was yet another hobby app at first but this is genuinely for working writers with real deadlines and monster workloads. Scrivener has so many useful features, there’s almost too many to list. Scrivener 3.1.2 serial software#Scrivener is the biggest leap forward in writing software since the venerable days of WordPerfect, and believe me, I’ve tried them all.Īntony Johnston, comics writer and novelist. Scrivener is worth every penny: quite simply, it’s the best writers tool there is. Scrivener 3.1.2 serial mac#If there was a list of the top five greatest apps of all time in the Mac App Store, it would start with Scrivener and then there would be four other things.Īs a writer's application, Scrivener is damn near perfect it means outlines, treatments and then first drafts can be put together in the same application. Merlin Mann, indie writer, speaker, and broadcaster. Scrivener gives you the freedom to make a mess, the confidence to know you’ll clean it up, and the semantic relationships to tie it all together in whatever way makes the most sense to you. Michael Marshall Smith, NYT best-selling author. I genuinely think this is the biggest software advance for writers since the word processor.
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